These processes include hydroforming, hydromechanical deep drawing, aquadrawing, hydraulic deep drawing, the guerin process and the marform process. Analysis of an axisymmetric deep drawn part forming using. Analysis of optimization of blank holding force in deep. The is used solely as a reading device such as nuvomedias rocket ebook. Publishers pdf, also known as version of record includes final page, issue and. Anshul bindal econtent for aktu manufacturing technology1 duration. Prediction of wrinkling is a very important process for a deep drawing operation.
Theoretical and experimental analysis of deep drawing. By analyzing these parameters, the defects like wrinkling, tearing, earing is reduced and also we can get the good quality product. The four major defects which can occur during deep drawing are fracture, wrinkling, earing and spring back. The manufacturing of deep, cuplike products from thin sheet metal is known as deep drawing. This presentation describes about drawing process, defects and applications with illustrative diagrams. It is thus a shape transformation process with material retention.
Spinning is typically performed on a manual or cnc lathe and requires a blank. Deep drawing is a sheet metal forming process that involves complex material flow and force distributions. For general deep drawing, operations, most people define the defects as that block which can be deformed into a cylindrical cup with either a uniform flange or. The deep drawing process involves a great deal of sliding of the sheet material along the tools. Jan 06, 2016 the following is a list of common problems that may be encountered when deep drawing cyclindrical cups. Deep drawing metal parts fabrication american aluminum.
A number of defects can occur in a sheet metal drawn product. Large set of manufacturing processes in which the material is deformed plastically to. The process is considered deep drawing when the depth of the drawn part exceeds its diameter. This thesis friction in deep dra wing considers some aspects of friction on the deep drawing process. Wrinkling and rapture are the main defects in sheet hydro forming, as shown in. Simulation of defects in microdeep drawing of an aluminium alloy foil. Instability in the work piece, also called wrinkling of the walls. Under certain conditions, this sliding will cause friction between the tools and the material. Cracks are clearly visible in the discrete measurement as well as in the planar scanning measurement scanning. Apr 15, 2017 sheet metal drawing is a more complex operation than cutting or bending operation, and more things can go wrong during sheet metal drawing. Deep drawing can achieve up to 43% reduction on a metal blank, and multiple successive deep draws can be used to achieve part size or shape requirements.
In deep drawing process the main objectives are to obtain defect less or. Cu and sn are used as lubricants for high strength materials. Examples include cookware, hubcaps, satellite dishes and rocket nose cones. Mar 14, 2012 defect in deep drawing slideshare uses cookies to improve functionality and performance, and to provide you with relevant advertising. Concordia universitymech 4216511 lecture 97 analysis of drawing measure of drawing. Detailed experimental and numerical analysis of a cylindrical. Numerous unconventional deep drawing techniques have recently been implemented that have helped increase the industrial uses of deep drawing. Defects in metal forming processes and their remedies. Comparison of areas with left and without defects right using multifrequency eddy current method in a lateral scanning mode. A variety of metals can be deep drawn, including aluminum, stainless steel, aluminized steel, cold rolled steel, brass, bronze, cupro nickel, nickel, and titanium. Pdf prediction of forming defects in deep drawing process. Failure of sheet metal parts during deep drawing processes usually takes place in the form of wrinkling or tearing. Pdf deep drawing mechanism, parameters, defects and. Apart from its use in many other sectors, it is applied in the automotive industry for the manufacturing of car body parts.
One of the primary defects that occurs in deep drawing operations is the wrinkling of sheet metal material, generally in the wall or flange of the part. Jul, 2017 deep drawing along with its defects advantages disadvantages and application,deep, drawing, cup drawing, deep drawing force, deep drawing advantages, deep drawing applications,deep drawing force. Study of earing defect during deep drawing process with. The following is a list of common problems that may be encountered when deep drawing cyclindrical cups. The stress in the flange region during the deep drawing process is a combination of radial tensile drawing stress and a tangential compressive stress hoop stress.
Parts of various geometric and sizes are made by drawing operation, two extreme example being bottle caps, automobiles panels etc. In the process of the deep drawing of a cup, anisotropy and workhardening characteristics of the material were introduced, by use of the incremental strain theory, into the calculation of stress. Or conversion coating such as sulphates or oxalates. Deep drawing deep drawing deep drawing is defined as a.
Numerical and experimental research of deep drawing process. Rolling defects and remedies pdf these shapes are further processed through hot rolling, forging or extrusion, to. The deep drawing process is a forming process which occurs under a combination of tensile and compressive conditions. Wire drawing process hot rolled rod pickling, descaling lubricating drawing\ remove scale causing surface defects. Deep drawing is one of the most widely used processes in sheet metal forming.
It is widely used for mass production of cup shapes in automobile, aerospace and packaging industries. The phenomenon of wrinkling flange instability is specific to the process of deep drawing. Deep drawing is a sheet metal forming process which is widely used in manufacturing parts for automobile and air craft industries. Following is a list of common defects during sheet metal operation, with sketches are shown in figure 1. If you continue browsing the site, you agree to the use of cookies on this website. The deep drawing of cylindrical cups has also been extensively studied see e. Manufacturing by multistage deep drawing with simultaneous ironing. In deep drawing process the main objectives are to obtain defect less or minimum defects in product. Paper open access related content deep drawing mechanism. In the deep drawing process, deformation defects such as fracture and wrinkling have been found due to large deformation. In a deep drawing process, a punch pushes a sheet metal blank. Our approach combines optimization scheme, design rules and numerical tests using finite element analysis incorporated with a damage model.
Applied for cylindrical cup manufacturing by multistage deep. Friction in deep drawing technische universiteit eindhoven. Oils and greases for wire drawing mulsifiable oils for wet wire drawing soap for dry drawing. Wrinkling in the flange, wrinkling in the wall, tearing, earing, and. In this paper, the mechanism of deformation, effect of the geometrical parameters involved and the defects encountered in the process are presented and discussed. In rolling the crystals get elongated in the rolling direction. Because a part wrinkled during the deep drawing process will not be accepted and most likely become as scrap. Effect of various parameters on the wrinkling in deep drawing. Blankingblanking is the process ofcutting the initial sheet coil stockinto round or shaped flatsrequired for deep drawing. Circular cup drawing is the most basic process among the deep drawing processes. Multi stage drawing process of a blank material experiences additional complex deformation in each stage compared to a conventional drawing process. Defects in deep drawing deep drawing is a more complex operation and more things can go wrong.
Jun 01, 20 deep drawing stationtypes blanking drawing piercing trimming 8. Deep drawing is one of widely used sheet metal working process in industries to produce cup shaped components at a very high rate. Abstract deep drawing is one of the most important processes for forming sheet metal parts. Optimization of deep drawing process for circular cup forming. Custom metalworking homepage questions related technology what is the defects in deep drawing manufacturing. The prediction of these type of defects, as well as formability, are.
A deep draw process may have one or more drawing operations, depending on the complexity of the part. If the depth of the formed cup is more than its diameter, the process is called deep drawing. Therefore, it is important to optimize the process parameters to avoid defects in the parts and to minimize production cost. The main defects of deep drawn parts are wrinkling andor necking. Effects of different parameters on deep drawing process ijert. The geometry parameters used in deep drawing process are mentioned below. Apr, 2020 deep drawing is the manufacturing process of forming sheet metal stock, called blanks, into geometrical or irregular shapes that are more than half their diameters in depth. Deep drawing deep drawing is defined as a tensilecompressive sheet forming process in which a plane blank is formed into a hollow part open on one side or an open hollow part is formed into another hollow part with a smaller crosssection. Several factors can cause wrinkles in deep drawn parts, including.